Download Complimentary White Papers
This initiative focuses on exploring technology standardization opportunities for hardware and software technologies across the 3D body processing pipeline; i.e., from scanning of people and creating body model data to simulating, modeling, analytics, and visualization. This initiative was launched in 2016 and is ongoing. The white papers are listed by year of publication.
2025
The 2025 white paper focuses on the geometry and shape of the last along with contributing factors determining the shape of lasts. Last information, features and measurement definitions cover both digital and physical lasts.
2024
The 2024 white paper focuses on the standardized nomenclature for posture and pose. This paper proposes PARCS (placement, alignment, rotation, curvature and symmetry) as a method to describe the posture within a pose. Replicating actual posture for human body models is a known challenge for optimized virtual try-on or critical fit assessment.
2022
The Assets and Transformations definitions white paper present five unified definitions for 3D Body Processing ecosystem.
The 3D Body Processing Industry Connections group completed a comparative analysis of the anthropometric methods to assess the compatibility and repeatability of different body measurement methods. This study evaluated booth scanners, smart phone apps and traditional manual measurers. The summary white paper is included along with its accompanying dataset and detailed data analysis for use in future studies.
The Landmarking for Product Development white paper summaries current landmarking definitions for both manual and virtual environments. The methods in virtual environment include manual landmarking in virtual space and automated virtual landmarking. The goal is the adoption of a standard approach to landmarks to provide better continuity between the physical and virtual environments.
- Assets and Transformations Definitions
- Comparative Analysis of Anthropometric Methods: Past, Present, and Future
- Landmarking for Product Development (PDF)
2021
The two white papers on Foot measurements and conditions are considered companion white papers.
The Comprehensive Review of Foot Measurements Terminology white paper reviews foot measurements definitions to facilitate the comparisons of measurements between various providers. The paper recommends that providers make their measurement definitions available to their data consumers.
The Functional Anatomy, Terms and Common Foot Conditions white paper scope is to introduce functional anatomical and biomechanical terms and concepts for feet. A brief discussion of the most common foot conditions and their relevance to footwear is presented.
The Summary and Recommended Actions for Communications, Security, Privacy and Trust white paper highlights areas of opportunity of interoperability, data security and privacy, quality, portability and trustworthiness.
2020
This 2020 paper reviews different methods of fabric testing for virtual simulation and can be used as a foundation for further work on the standardization of fabric measurement.
2019
The Communication, Security and Privacy white paper reviews existing IEEE draft standards for compatibility with the planned P3141 3D Body Processing standard. This white paper is current as of 2019. Of the standards mentioned, IEEE 7002-2022, IEEE 7012-2025 have been published. IEEE 3141 will be published in 2026. P7004 is still in process.
The File Format Recommendations for 3D Body Model Processing white paper are current as of 2019. The file formats reviewed were based on 2018 versions of the file formats. The recommended file formats may not be appropriate for all use cases of 3D Body Processing.
2018
The Landmarks and Measurement Standards Comparison in 3D Body-model Processing white paper reviews the current standards (as of 2017) landscape for 3D body scanning, body landmarking and measurements. A recommended list of 27 landmarks and 39 measurements were recommended for inclusion in 3D full body for apparel use cases. Additional recommendations were given for feet, hands and head.
The Personalized Digital Last white paper examines the development of personalized digital lasts and the impact of the role of footwear technicians. The discussion of customer fit and different customer fit solutions of sizing, best fit (amongst ready to wear footwear), temporary modified last and true custom / bespoke last.
2017
The background, goals, and status for the IEEE 3D body processing (3DBP) initiative are introduced in this white paper.