Below are draft scenarios intended to make the framework accessible and meaningful to diverse audiences, regardless of age, background or academic achievement. The purpose is that audiences should be able to personally identify with parts (or all) of the scenario, helping to visualize the impact of Adaptive Instructional Systems on education, professional development and lifelong learning, and to stimulate questions about how ethics can be ‘baked-in’ to the design and use of these systems in ways that are transparent and meaningful to non-experts, such as teachers, students, parents, procurement agents, regulators etc.
Scenario: School
A school gathers data from a range of sensors located within classrooms and other communal spaces. These sensors gather data on environmental conditions, such as temperature, humidity and air quality, and on the movement of people around the estate. Data from these sensors are linked to a central monitoring system that has control over heating, cooling, lighting, intercom, and security access. The estates data is used in combination with school layout plans, class timetabling and learning optimisation targets to reduce energy consumption in areas that are not being utilised by switching off lights and heating, and preparing the internal space for occupation based on class timetables or if the sensors identify human presence. The data can be used to identify areas where students hang out and ensure the space remains safe, and under-utilised areas may be repurposed. Video cameras and wifi technologies may help to identify individuals if needed. Analysis of these multiple data feeds, incorporating time of day, day of week, and so on can enhance safety and security without imposing any physical restrictions on staff or students. If the monitoring system identifies an unexpected occurrence, it may automatically trigger an alarm system which connect to a local security firm, including the provision of a live feed to help inform response teams. This integration of digital systems can be process led and automated, without any form of machine learning involved. People are in full control of setting thresholds and making decisions.
The school also uses adaptive learning systems (AIS) to augment teaching capabilities and enrich student learning experiences. Each individual student is provided with an Internet of Things (IoT) smart watch, and a mobile device. Some of the school work is delivered and learning is assessed through the adaptive learning systems (there may be more than one AIS used as different products may have different strengths). These digital devices monitor online activity and basic personal biometrics, such as heart rate, sleep, location and provide a ‘panic’ button for emergencies. This data is used to provide a general picture on student wellbeing and help them feel safe.
This data is transmitted to a central service for analysis, either on premise or in the cloud. Machine learning algorithms, underpinned by recognised pedagogical insights, identify where students may have gaps in their understanding or knowledge and propose remedial coursework or intervention. Each student is treated as an individual with personal recommended learning pathways that will address weaknesses and progress at a pace that minimises the risk of boredom or confusion, as is often the case where a class of students are all taught the same coursework and progressing roughly at the same pace. Individual reports provide visibility to parents and teachers of individual progress, likely final grades and recommend suitable actions that can be taken to change them. Student curricula is enriched by the AIS suggesting additional content from trusted sources in a preferred format, or enabling connection with others from across the world, translating spoken and written communications on the fly. Data captured is used by the school for comparative analysis with other schools in the region and nationally, and by the government in developing their educational strategies and investment plans. [Submitted by Timothy Metcalf].